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setup()

Run code once at beginning of program

loop()

Loop code continuously

#define constantName value

Replace all references to constantName with value at compile time #include library Include library in sketch and access its functions

if (expression A) {do thing A}

Do thing A if expression A is true else if (expression B) {do thing B} Do thing B if expression A is false and expression B is true else {do thing C} Do thing C if all the above „if“ and „else if“ blocks are false for(int x = 0; x < 100; x++){println(x)} Set x to 0, then while x is less than 100, print X and increment x by 1 while(statement){expression} Keep doing expression while statement is true do{statement}while(expression); Like while loop, except expression is evaluated after statement runs once switch (var) {case 1: statement A break; case 2: statement B break; default: statement C break} Run statement A, B or C depending on whether var is 1, 2 or a different value break; Exit a for, while, do while loop or switch statement continue; Skip rest of current iteration of for, while, or do while loop, start next iteration return value; Terminate the function and optionally return value to the function that called it goto label; Send the program flow to `label:` Comparison Operators == Equals != Is not equal to < Less than > Greater than ⇐ Less than or equal to >= Greater than or equal to Boolean Operators && And || Or ! Not Bitwise Operators & And | Or ^ Xor ~ Not « Bitshift left » Bitshift right Compound Operators x ++ x = x + 1 x – x = x - 1 x += y x = x + y x -= y x = x - y x *= y x = x * y x /= y x = x / y x %= y x = the remainder of x / y x &= y x = x & y x |= y x = x | y Constants HIGH / LOW Pin input or output voltage is high or low true / false Boolean values INPUT / INPUT_PULLUP / OUTPUT Configure pin to sample voltage or provide current to other circuits LED_BUILTIN Pin where built-in LED is connected I/O pinMode(pin, mode) Set pin to either INPUT, OUTPUT, or INPUT_PULLUP digitalWrite(pin, value) Set pin to either HIGH or LOW digitalRead(pin) Read value of pin, which will be HIGH or LOW analogReference(type) Configure refence voltage used for analog input analogRead(pin) Return input voltage of pin as integer between 0 and 1023 analogWrite(pin, value) Output PWM wave to pin with duty cycle of value (between 0 and 255) Math min(x, y) Return the smaller of x or y max(x, y) Return the greater of x or y abs(x) Absolute value of x constrain(x, a, b) Limit x to the range a-b, return a or b if x is too small or too large map(value, fromLow, fromHigh, toLow, toHigh) Map value from one range of numbers to another pow(a, x) Calculate a to the power of x sqrt(x) Square root of x sin(x) / cos(x) / tan(x) Sine, cosine and tangent of x randomSeed(x) Start the pseudo-random number generator at point x random(min, max) Generate a pseudo-random number between min (inclusive) and max (exclusive) Time millis() Return milliseconds since program started micros() Return microseconds since program started delay(n) Pause program for n milliseconds delayMicroseconds(n) Pause program for n microseconds Comments stuff

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/* many things */

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